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非小细胞肺癌ROS1融合基因少见融合伙伴的故事

2018-12-09 17:38  阅读(1051)  评论(0)  分类:专业

ROS1(c-ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase)属于酪氨酸激酶胰岛素受体基因,在多种肿瘤细胞系中高表达。其基因重排最初是1987年在神经胶质细胞瘤中被发现[1, 2]2007Rikova[3]利用磷酸化蛋白质组学技术证实ROS1重排是NSCLC发生、发展中的驱动基因。现有的研究[4-6]表明,ROS1NSCLC中突变率约为1%-2%,因此可以作为一种潜在的靶向治疗分子。在NSCLCROS1融合伙伴最常见的为CD74-EZR-SLC34A2-SDC4-TPM3-,其余均为ROS1融合基因少见融合伙伴。

2017 11 Gay[7]ESMO年会上发表了对不同类型的ROS1融合基因的大规模临床测序研究,该研究共纳入114200名晚期肿瘤患者,采用CGP 检测184-406个肿瘤相关的基因,其中NSCLC患者20868名,ROS1融合基因患者占0.94%(196/20868),融合亚型中常见融合伙伴占77%(CD74-51%EZR-17%SLC34A2-6%TPM3-3%),少见融合伙伴占23%(GOPC-2%ZCCHC8-2%TFG-1%TMEM106B-1%MYH9-1%LRIG3-1%CCDC6-1%和其他占8%)

    20175月,《Nat Med》杂志发表一篇重量级文章,纪念MSKCC癌症研究中心的科学家采用MSK-IMPACT方法,开展了一项大规模、前瞻性的临床测序研究,他们对1万多名晚期癌症患者,接近300多种肿瘤进行基因二代测序,同时收集这些患者的临床注释、病理等方面的信息,其中ROS1融合39例,其中NSCLCROS1常见融合伙伴占93.33%(16CD74-5EZR-4SDC4-2SLC34A2-1TPM3-),少见融合伙伴占6.67%(1FAM135B-1SLC6A17-)[8]

随后在非小细胞肺癌中20176ASCO年会上,Zhao[9]通过二代捕获测序技术报道2755例肺癌患者中28例非小细胞肺癌发生ROS1融合现象,融合伙伴CD74-51% EZR-21%SDC4-SLC34A2-AQP4-GOPC-TPM3-次之。

评述

    ROS11982年在UR2(曼彻斯特大学肿瘤病毒2)鸟肉瘤病毒中发现的一种具有独特致癌作用的病毒原癌基因[10, 11]。位于6q22染色体,含7368 bp43外显子,编码2 347个氨基酸,分子量为259 kDa,与v-erbBv-fmsneutrk原癌基因相似。基本结构由胞外N-末端配体结合区(氨基酸1-1861)、跨膜区(氨基酸1862-1882)及胞内C-末端464个氨基酸构成的酪氨酸激酶活性区(氨基酸1883-2347)组成[12]。在致病机理方面已证实,ROS1受体酪氨酸激酶参与激活多条下游信号转导通路,包括RAS-MAPK/ERKPI3K/AKT/mTORJAK/STAT3以及PLC/IP3SHP2/VAV3途径,调控肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖、分化及细胞周期。此外,ROS1激酶结合细胞骨架蛋白和细胞-细胞相互作用蛋白,直接或间接介导细胞骨架蛋白磷酸化,参与正常细胞的转化过程[13]

 

    到目前为止,在NSCLC 中发现了17种较少见的ROS1融合基因:GOPC-ROS1LIMAI-ROS1MSN-ROS1FIG-ROS1CCDC6-ROS1KDELR2-ROS1LRIG3-ROS1CLTC-ROS1TMEM106B-ROS1RNPC3-ROS1CEP72-ROS1ROS1-FAM135BSLC6A17-ROS1TRIM33-ROS1ROS1-ADGRG6ZCCHC8-ROS1MYH9-ROS1[14-17]。少见ROS1融合基因对ROS1-TKI的疗效有着深远的影响,在晚期ROS1阳性NSCLC患者中,一些少见ROS1融合会对克唑替尼产生原发耐药,而另外一些对ROS1-TKI的疗效可能会优于ROS1常见融合。因此,需要二代测序等多基因测序去发现少见驱动基因的少见融合的类型,这会对肺癌的少见驱动基因的发现以及靶向药物的耐药机制探索发挥一定作用。靶点的研究及药物的研发日新月异,使得精准医疗进入新的时代,与以往按照肿瘤发病器官来区分治疗的模式不同,现在的治疗选择基于某种分子变化,伞式研究的最大优势,就是在于将非常少见的突变事件集中起来,这无论对加速少见疾病的临床试验还是对于某一个个体获得精准治疗的机会,都具有特别的意义。

 

 

参考文献

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