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SCI | 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆,细谈论文写作中因果关系写法
一个民族的文化和它的语言息息相关,比如阿拉伯人,他们过惯了以骆驼为核心的游牧生活,因此在阿拉伯语当中,直接与骆驼有关的词汇就有数百个之多。再比如互联网文化盛行以来,网络用语就开始时刻出现在我们的生活中。欧美人喜欢辩论和谈逻辑,这从他们的三权分立、推崇律法可见一斑,这种文化也很自然的反映在文字上面。因此,在英文里面,表达逻辑关系「因为所以」的辞汇与句型,也是多得不胜枚举,这些词汇尽管大同小异,但在撰写科研论文时,稍许的差异可能引起表达含义的不同,确实不可忽略。今天我们就来说说英文科研论文写作中,因果关系的表达方法。
因果关系通常用表示因果关系的连接词来表达,例如thereby,as for,since,therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …,because of,due to …, owing to, thanks to等等。下面我们逐一讲解。
首先我们都能想到的就是常见词汇“because”的用法。“Because”直译就是“因为”的意思,逗号后面接的句子自动可以翻译成“所以···”,不需要再接有“所以”含义的词。例如:
Because the duration of action of the toxinis limited, treatment of ten must be given about every three months.
“For these reasons”也是强烈表示因果关系的短语,通常放在句首,表示该短语前面的几句话是原因,而后面接的句子是结果。例如:
xxxxx. For these reasons, it appears that the patients we studied viewed "alternative" medicine as a complement to rather than an alternative to established medical practices for treating breast cancer.
“Since”一般表示语气弱一点的“因为”,同样的,逗号后面接的句子自动可以翻译成“所以。。。”,不需要再接有“所以”含义的词。例如:
Since this research cannot be justified on the basis of its the rapeutic benefit for the patient, it must be considered non-therapeutic.
“as”也表示语气弱一点的“因为”,一般放在后半句开头,表示解释前面半句话,不需要和有“所以”含义的词同时用。例如:
The argument is fallacious, as it is based on a set of factual flaws.
和“as”意思和用法类似的还有“in that”,“as for”,只是分句和主句之间不用加逗号。例如:
The argument is fallacious in that it is based on a set of factual flaws.
“Now that”也表示微弱的“因为”,一般放在句子开头,表示“现在,既然。。。。”,后面接的句子自动就有“所以”的意思了。例如:
Now that these studies have provided us with more convenient, versatile antibiotic strategies for treating low-riskpatients with fever and neutropenia, out patient treatment of these diseases seem justified.
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