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巨噬细胞
2012-10-03 21:56 阅读(1538) 评论(4) 分类：病理学习
图 3.5. 组织细胞在炎症的背景中染色较淡，细胞核有折叠 ；细胞界限不清，细胞核处于淡粉色的胞浆中 （圆圈）。和邻近的淋巴细胞相比（箭头），组织细胞核的染色质较淡。
What is a macrophage? The precursor is a circulating monocyte, part of the myeloid lineage of blood cells (myeloid generally refers to cells in the granulocyte and monocyte groups, although it can also mean all cells that mature in the bone marrow, i.e., the opposite of lymphoid). The monocyte leaves the circulation and becomes a tissue macrophage. It can differentiate into organ-specific resident macrophages, such as microglia, Kupffer cells, and alveolar macrophages. It can also go to an area of inflammation and become activated, participating in the immune response. Activated macrophages are also called histiocytes and may be “epithelioid,” as in a granuloma, or “foamy,” as in lipid-laden or xanthomatous. Finally, macrophages can acquire multiple nuclei to become a Langerhans giant cell (ring of nuclei) or a foreign body–type giant cell (scattered nuclei).
什么是巨噬细胞？巨噬细胞的前身是血液循环中髓系细胞的一部分，即单核细胞 (虽然髓系细胞常泛指骨髓中成熟的血细胞，但它通常指粒细胞和单核细胞，相对于淋巴系而言）。单核细胞离开血液循环后，形成组织巨噬细胞。它可以继续分化成特定器官的巨噬细胞，如小胶质细胞、Kupffer细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞等。它也可以迁移到炎症的地方被激活，参与免疫反应。激活的巨噬细胞也称为组织细胞，它在肉芽肿结构中呈上皮样的，在富含脂质或黄色瘤的结构中呈泡沫样。最后，巨噬细胞可以吞噬多个核而成为朗格罕氏巨细胞 （一圈细胞核） 或异物巨细胞 (分散的细胞核）。
Histologically, histiocytes have a bland and fade-into-the-background look to match their name (literally, “tissue cell”). They have pale-pink granular cytoplasm, sometimes with chunky phagocytosed bits of material, and indistinct cell borders (Figure 3.5). The nuclei are light with crisp outlines, oval in shape, and often grooved. In tissue, a collection of histiocytes appears as an ill-defined pink area that is easy to miss. The nuclei often stream in a circular pattern like fish swimming in a barrel. Foamy macrophages are stuffed with lipid debris or organisms, and can have an almost signet-ring appearance.
组织结构上， 组织细胞形态温和，淡色背景的外观和它的名字很匹配（文献上称作“tissue cell”）。组织细胞的胞浆呈淡粉色颗粒样，细胞界限不清，有时胞浆内含有丰富的吞噬的物质 （图 3.5） 。细胞核轻度卷曲，呈椭圆形，易见到核沟。在组织切片上，聚集的组织细胞常表现为界限不清的粉红色区域，而被忽略。细胞核常像在桶里游泳的鱼一样排列成流水样。富含脂质碎片或微生物的泡沫样巨噬细胞，可表现出印戒样外观。
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