Nucleoli: Prominent nucleoli are actually a feature more suggestive of reactive changes than of dysplasia. A prominent nucleolus in a background of fine pale chromatin, in a smoothly rounded nucleus, is likely benign. Carcinomas usually do not acquire large dark nucleoli until they become invasive.

图6.7. 浸润性癌。可以看到癌细胞以腺体 (asterisk) 、条索(arrow）以及单个细胞 (arrowhead) 的形式浸润周围间质。注意，明显的核仁，这通常不是异型增生的特征。

 

关于核仁，我的理解是看到明显的核仁一般有两种情况：一是反应性改变；二是癌细胞一旦有浸润或者侵袭性，也可以出现明显核仁的情况。